Henry David Thoreau, Walden, and Transcendental Values for...

Henry David Thoreau was testing transcendental values when he took up residence at Walden Pond in 1845. During his time of simple living at the pond, he studied nature and applied those observations to humans and everyday life. He was always learning from the woods, pond, meadows and animals in the natural world around him. Nature was his classroom and everything was an opportunity to learn. In Thoreau’s book, Walden , written at the pond, he theorized that education could come through an intimacy with nature and the end of education would come with death. Even while Thoreau was young he never agreed with a traditional classroom setting. Attending Harvard corrupted his belief of the current education system. In his eyes, school,†¦show more content†¦Dewey believes that in today’s education system, â€Å"the teacher’s business is to hold the pupils up to requirements and to punish the inevitable deviations which occur,† (Democracy and Educati on). Thoreau sought to reform the educational system through outdoor observations. Working outside the classroom, taking lessons from nature is very important to Thoreau. Throughout Walden his transcendental educational values are shown. In the second chapter, Where I Lived and what I Lived For he begins an education theme. His goal for living in the wood is to learn and strive for enlightenment. He went so far as to say, â€Å"see if I could not learn what [nature] had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived†(Walden). Thoreau wanted to find the truths of life and the only way that could happen is to become close to nature. He takes every opportunity to observe nature. While observing a war between two races of ants on his wood pile and an ignorant ant couple nearby, he takes note on the behavioral similarity to the human race. This alludes to the thought that Thoreau held regarding the Mexican- American War which is that that atrocities occurred while others remained unaffected. Thoreau may be expressing that there is a lo t more to these seemingly simple observations than is immediately apparent. He is demonstrating that nature, if studied and reflected upon, can teachShow MoreRelatedThoreau And Transcendentalism1518 Words   |  7 Pages Henry David Thoreau’s words that â€Å"disobedience is the true foundation of liberty† and that â€Å"the obedient must be slaves† is a political statement that never lost its topicality during the Romantic era. Thoreau served as an important contributor to the philosophical and American literary movement known as New England Transcendentalism. Nature and the conduct of life are two central themes that are often weaved together in his essays and books that were published in the Romantic era of literatureRead MoreTaking a Look at the Transcendental Movement1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe transcendental movement arose in the early nineteenth century. This literary, political, and philosophical movement was, and still continues to be, closely asso ciated with both Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Emerson and Thoreau were both extremely intellectual men of their time and are now the figureheads of transcendentalism. In the simplest terms, to â€Å"transcend† means to rise above and beyond the norms of society ¾ not physically, but mentally. Transcendentalists, such as EmersonRead MoreHenry David Thoreau : The Transcendentalist Movement1934 Words   |  8 PagesHenry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was one of the greatest leaders of the Transcendentalist movement. He guided this movement through his writings, personal tragedy, beliefs and friendship with Ralph Waldo Emerson. Essentially, Transcendentalism revolves around the ideas of being one with nature and the right to protest peacefully when laws went against one’s own beliefs. Henry David Thoreau was able to lead this movement due to his education, experiences, and family influences. ThoreauRead MoreMisunderstood Visionary : Ralph Waldo Emerson1509 Words   |  7 Pagescaused no one any good. Transcendentalist wanted to break away from the norm and approach a new way of thinking. This group was supported by other famous Transcendentalist like Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and Walt Whitman. The one who stood out from the rest was Henry David Thoreau which challenged himself to learn more about the fundamental facts about life. If looked closely many can realize what th ey stood for was unique. These Transcendentalist encouraged others to be themselvesRead MoreEnlightenment, Transcendentalism, and Puritan Theology Essay1840 Words   |  8 Pageshuman history, current events, and natural phenomena, as well as Scripture. In order to be saved one must know how to read and be well educated, so in a sense they emphasized education just as the Enlightenment followers did, just for a different reason. During the Transcendental period people also emphasized the need for education. However, the Transcendentalists were more focused on learning about thy self and not specifically about history or nature. They believed that through learning about thy selfRead MoreThe Mountains Are Calling By John Muir Essay2619 Words   |  11 Pagessalve for the harsh and strict fundamentalism espoused by his father’s Puritanical ideology. Subsequently, Muir would delve more deeply into Transcendentalism than any other adherent. John Muir’s experiential, naturalistic practices elevated transcendental ideals which are depicted throughout his conservational ventures and prose. The backbone of transcendentalism promotes the notion that all works of creation are only a fragment of a larger reality, or in the words of Emerson, Over-soul. ThisRead MoreTranscendentalism : The American Scholar1658 Words   |  7 Pagesassociate it with the writers Ralph Waldo Emerson and his friend Henry David Thoreau. Asked to name things about the group they remember, most mention Emerson’s ringing declaration of cultural independence in his â€Å"American Scholar† address at Harvard’s commencement in 1837 and his famous lecture â€Å"Self-Reliance,† in which he declared that â€Å"to be great is to be misunderstood†; Thoreau’s two-year experiment in self-sufficiency at Walden Pond and his advice to â€Å"Simplify! Simplify!†; and the minister TheodoreRead MoreSelf Reliance Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophy of life. This new philosophy drew upon old ideas of Romanticism, Unitarianism, and German Idealism. Some of the se ideas pertained closely to the values of America at the time. These values included nature, individualism, and reform, and can be noted in the essay â€Å"Self Reliance,† by Ralph Waldo Emerson. In this essay, Emerson states his values and incorporates them into his philosophy of self-reliance. In the past 170 years, some of the ideas stated by Emerson in his literary work â€Å"Self-Reliance†

Drug Abuse And The United States - 3359 Words

America has been at war for a lot years dealing with drugs in the United States. Law enforcement has been fighting to decrease this drug abuse for almost centuries. Presidents have personally have been trying to find different methods on how to stop this drug war. Unfortunately law enforcement has not been able to win this battle. You could see how they are losing because there been so many cases that involve drug abusers that had to go to get treatment or some even go to prison. This is causing so many problems especially with the drug trade business which sometimes involves violent crimes in different neighborhoods which is only benefiting the organized crime members and the drug dealers. The United States has put so much effort on stopping this Drug epidemic by spending billions of dollars to stop this war. In order to see how has law enforcement and the United States been trying to stop this war we have to go back to the history when drugs were introduced to the United States. Ac cording to Elaine Casey â€Å"One of the first exotic, non-indigenous substances to become a part of the nineteenth century culture was opium. Immigrant Chinese laborers building the trans-continental railroad migrated across the United States, bringing their opium smoking habit with them to the west. In the early to mid-1800s the practice was open and opium and its preparations were easily obtainable, subject to no controls or regulations. Also, the use of opium became fashionable amongShow MoreRelatedDrug Abuse And The United States1645 Words   |  7 PagesNixon launched the war on drugs stating, â€Å"America’s public enemy number one in the United States is drug abuse. In order to fight and defeat this enemy, it is necessary to wage a new, all out offensive† (Sharp, 1994). Since this war was declared 45 years ago the prison population has risen dramatically and has cost tax payers a substantial amount of money, with no end in sight. Nearly sixty five percent of the 2.3 million U.S . prisoners meet the criteria for substance abuse or addiction, yet only elevenRead MoreDrug Abuse And The United States1374 Words   |  6 PagesDrug abuse is happening in many countries. Millions of dollars are exhausted universally to prevent drug use, to treat addicts, and to fight drug-related misdemeanors. While drugs menace many civilizations, their result can also be combated triumphantly. This essay topic glances at some of the consequences of drug use on the world, and proposes some resolution to the complication. Drug addiction and drug abuse sinfully changes your state of body and mind with chemical substances. (What is the scopeRead MoreDrug Abuse And The United States879 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of drug abuse and addiction in the United States has become much more relevant in the past few years. Drugs and the drug crisis were for the longest time something which was limited geographically, socially and racially. Which is to say that drugs were only a â€Å"pr oblem† in the inner city. In the 1980s, this was symbolized by the so-called crack epidemic which ravaged the poorer and most fragile communities in the country. The issue of drug abuse in the United States is important becauseRead MoreDrug Abuse On The United States Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Abuse on the Rise in the Community â€Å"In 2014, nearly two million Americans either abused or were dependent on prescription opioid pain relievers (â€Å"Injury Prevention and Control: Opioid Overdose,† 2016.)† The CDC is now saying that the United States is in an epidemic. The purpose of this paper is to explore the increasing drug use in the United States over the last decade. The primary focus is on the administration of opioid analgesics and the addicting mechanisms of these medications, and whatRead MoreDrug Abuse And The United States1549 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Drug abuse has always been a very delicate question as it always it deals with the health, well-being and even lives of human beings belonging to any country. The position of the United States of America towards drugs has always been very clear and distinctively negative. Throughout the history of the country there were numerous cases against drug dealers, buyers and many more. These cases did always catch the attention of ci vil people who by showing interest in such cases revealedRead MoreDrug Abuse in the United States546 Words   |  2 PagesA major social problem that is in the United States is the usage of drugs among students. Drugs have had a very large growth rate within the past years. Drugs are a major issue that is affecting students and going to school and getting an education. There are a numerous number of reasons of why the young are partaking in drugs. Mostly because they don’t have a very stable and healthy home environment meaning their parents don’t really care for them or discipline them by any means. A big transitionRead More Drug Abuse in the United States Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Abuse in the United States of America In the United States of America, we, the people value several things, some of which are freedom, expanding and taking care of our families and our financial security. We, the people, take such things for granted. We also discourage some behavior, such as crime, laziness and use of illegal drugs. Drug abuse is one of the most discouraged behaviors in our country. Use of illegal drugs is harmful to the userand all those with whom the userRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On The United States1717 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrate the absurdity of the drug abuse problems in the United States, it should be brought to light that the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use Health estimated that â€Å"27 million people aged 12 or older have used an illicit drug in the past 30 days† (Hedden, Kennet, Lipari, Medley, Tice, 2015). As gun violence has become a popular topic in America over the past few years due to its’ related deaths, many Americans’ fail to realize that more people are dying from drug overdose than by weapon. In today’sRead MoreDrug Abuse And Its Effects On The United States Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesDrug abuse is worldwide problem and one that has plagued the United States for decades. Drug abuse negatively impacts not only the individual user, but also our society as a whole. The fight to prevent the manufacturing and trafficking of illegal drugs into the country h as made very little impact on its accessibility to those that wish to partake. According to the National Drug Control Budget Report for 2015, the President of the United States request $25.4 Billion in Fiscal Year 2015 in orderRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On The United States947 Words   |  4 PagesNgoc Do Drug Abuse Drug abuse is a problem that has been increasing immensely in the United States. The amount of people using drugs is increasing drastically with people starting or trying illegal substances as a younger age. Drug abuse is the over use of legal and illegal substances. The abuse of drugs is the number one health related problem. Types of drugs commonly abused include alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, painkillers, depressants, cocaine, stimulants, hallucinogens, heroin, and methamphetamine

Belonging- Memoirs of a Geisha free essay sample

The 2005 film ‘Memoirs of Geisha’, directed by Rob Marshall, is a film which follows the life of a young Japanese girl who is taken from the life of which she was accustomed to and is forced to live in and become part of a world which is exceedingly isolating, restricting and where conformity is highly valued. Sayuri, the protagonist in the film, finds that the only way for her to overcome her feelings of disconnectedness and isolation is to actually intentionally isolate and disconnect herself from her desires, love, emotions, and ultimately herself. The film introduces the idea of acceptance as being a key feature of achieving happiness. Those who are desperately searching for recognition from others are willing to give up control of their own lives in order for them to personally achieve happiness. This is evident in a particular scene in the film when Sayuri meets her purpose in life, General Tanaka. We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging- Memoirs of a Geisha or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After showing her kindness and understanding, Sayuri felt she could possibly find a connection with this new world and potentially find happiness for herself, â€Å"in that moment, I changed from a girl facing nothing but emptiness to someone with purpose†. In this scene, and throughout the entire film, Sayuri’s voice is heard as a voice over as she is retelling her story, effectively narration. It implies that the story is a personal experience and so it allows the audience to feel a sense of empathy towards the character as the narration makes it easier for the audience to relate her experiences and emotions to their own personal lives. Sayuri is seen running through, what seems to be, an endless tunnel of large wooden posts. A follow shot is used, when the character is seemingly pursued by the camera, which assists in making the tunnel feel as though the character is running away. Metaphorically, she could be running away from her past feelings of disconnectedness, isolation and unhappiness. A panning shot is also used to the roof of the tunnel. This causes a claustrophobic affect and makes Sayuri look as though she is trapped from the outside world. The colours used are incredibly confronting, bright red and black, and draws attention from Sayuri running through them. They could possibly represent the challenges that Sayuri must confront in order to achieve her desires, the most significant was to become a geisha, â€Å"to be a geisha could be stepping stone to something else, a place in his world†. This is ironic because being a geisha is incredible isolating as it is dangerous to form a close connection with anyone, yet it is her way to become a part of something. Individuals can find and feel acceptance and connectedness through gaining recognition from someone whom they desire it from. In order for Sayuri to feel a sense of security and comfort, she must seek recognition from General Tanaka; however, in the society she lives in, she must be accepted by others in the community to achieve this recognition. One scene in particular which presents this is when Sayuri performs a traditional Geisha dance in front of a highly regarded audience. This dance signifies her official Geisha status which is one step further towards achieving her goal. The dance is extremely overpowering, intriguing and is full of emotion and passion. At the conclusion of the scene, the camera pans over the audience to show their reactions of joy and pleasure. This shows that those within her community have accepted her and are welcoming. General Tanaka reacts along with the crowd, â€Å"you were wonderful tonight†, which encourages Sayuri to continue to pursuit her goal. Blue lighting is used to create a magical and mysterious tone and this draws attention to Sayuri as it highlights her figure. Diegetic sound is used as traditional Japanese music is being played by the orchestra. This contributes to the feelings of mystery and also adds culture as traditional instruments are used. A close up is used to show the emotion that Sayuri is portraying. This gives the audience an idea of the emotions that she is feeling and how immersed she is in what she is doing, showing her determination to succeed. The colours used are mostly colours of purity and innocence such as white and pale blue. This is contrasted with Sayuri’s pitch black hair and the strips of red on her gown could represent strength and power.

Teaching in a Diverse Classroom free essay sample

As a teacher teaching in such a diverse school district, I would be sensitive to my students’ cultural, academic and economic differences. In my classroom I strive to create culturally sensitive learning communities and develop a positive teacher-student-parent relationship. Lesson plans are designed to motivate all students to learn, at their own level of learning, and allow me to use differentiated instructional strategies with hope of maximizing student learning. I would hope that after taking my course my students would be able to see the importance of being a productive citizen and how they can use the tools and skills learned to reach that goal. I do believe that with the right tools and skills, they all can be productive citizens whether they choose to take a job right out of high school, attend college or learn a trade at a career technical school. One of the most challenging situations that I have had to handle with another adult occurred my first year of teaching. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching in a Diverse Classroom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Our local DECA chapter was wrapping up a fundraiser and needed to get rid of our leftover stock of suckers. Several of my students asked if they could come back later in the day and sell. I told them that they had to complete their classroom work and get permission from their teacher to come back and sell at the end of the block period. So after a successful day, I was approached during my 4th block planning period by a teacher. She came into my classroom, without knocking, waving the note I had written, and pretty much told me to never request for â€Å"her† students to be removed from class again. I was taken by surprise; she didn’t even introduce herself when she came into my classroom. I only knew who she was from the faculty meetings. So in order to save face, I took the high road and I apologized and told her it would never happen again. How could I have handled it differently? I could have been just as rude as she was and pointed out that the note said it was up to her to allow the student out of class or not. From that moment on, only other CTE teachers were asked!

The Insyderz - Skallelulia Too! free essay sample

Do you like ska, punk or hardcore? Do you liketo see electrifying rock shows? Let me tell you about a band who playsand does all these things. The Insyderzs newest CD, SkalleluliaToo!, covers all types of music from ska to hardcore, plus evensome Dixieland jazz, though they mainly play fast ska. SkalleluliaToo! has songs like True of You, Shout to theLord and In the Secret. Their shows keep you jumping,and their stage presence is awesome! They are dedicated Christians whopraise God through all their music. Check out their CDs Fight ofYour Life, Skallelulia and SkalleluliaToo! and try to get to one of their shows.

Free Essays on The Separation Of Church And State In The European Union

Separation of Church and State in the European Union The European Union, the intergovernmental organization between 25 European nations, faces many challenges concerning where it will go, how it will develop, and how and when it will expand. As its work continues and further develops, the Member States take many steps to be more united and uniform. Such developments are the birth of the Euro as the EU‘s monetary unit and the abolition of borders between the Member States except the United Kingdom. The writing of the EU Constitution is another development. However, this one has raised much controversy over one issue: the omission of religious reference in the Constitution. This issue raises many questions, and one of them is whether the EU should seek standard policy regarding the state-church relationships of the Member States. Perhaps a coherent way to look at and discuss this question is by comparing the EU to another union, such as the United States. The difference between their structures and developments can point out how the EU should behave about the separation of church and state. The US, being a federation, believes that constitutionally, the church and state should be separated. This policy helps the US function as a successful body, under the principles it has set. However, unlike the US, the EU does not need to find a uniform way in dealing with the church-government relationships in order to function as a successful body, since the EU has no central gover nment and is not an organization which interferes with the strictly internal policies of the Member States. The US developed in such a way that a uniform in church-state relationships is needed. Ever since the colonial period, there was an established religion in some of the colonies. For instance, New England had a Puritan domination, and the Colony of Virginia had the Anglican Church as official religion. However, with the Revolutionary War, these ... Free Essays on The Separation Of Church And State In The European Union Free Essays on The Separation Of Church And State In The European Union Separation of Church and State in the European Union The European Union, the intergovernmental organization between 25 European nations, faces many challenges concerning where it will go, how it will develop, and how and when it will expand. As its work continues and further develops, the Member States take many steps to be more united and uniform. Such developments are the birth of the Euro as the EU‘s monetary unit and the abolition of borders between the Member States except the United Kingdom. The writing of the EU Constitution is another development. However, this one has raised much controversy over one issue: the omission of religious reference in the Constitution. This issue raises many questions, and one of them is whether the EU should seek standard policy regarding the state-church relationships of the Member States. Perhaps a coherent way to look at and discuss this question is by comparing the EU to another union, such as the United States. The difference between their structures and developments can point out how the EU should behave about the separation of church and state. The US, being a federation, believes that constitutionally, the church and state should be separated. This policy helps the US function as a successful body, under the principles it has set. However, unlike the US, the EU does not need to find a uniform way in dealing with the church-government relationships in order to function as a successful body, since the EU has no central gover nment and is not an organization which interferes with the strictly internal policies of the Member States. The US developed in such a way that a uniform in church-state relationships is needed. Ever since the colonial period, there was an established religion in some of the colonies. For instance, New England had a Puritan domination, and the Colony of Virginia had the Anglican Church as official religion. However, with the Revolutionary War, these ...

World Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

World Literature - Essay Example Yet this mutual invincibility is also what makes Gilgamesh and then, Enkidu temple the aggression during the fight. Gilgamesh sees Enkidu as the only alike creature in the world and calls Enkidu â€Å"friend† and even â€Å"brother† before Gilgamesh’s mother Ninsun in Tablet 2 (The Epic of Gilgamesh, 2000). Another thing that brings friends together is their ability to meet each other a halfway. Enkidu was created a complete savage coming down from a mountain and feeding and living with animals. Yet when the prostitute tells Enkidu about Gilgamesh and different urban life, Enkidu fallows willing to meet the only creature alike. From the first sight, Gilgamesh doesn’t sacrifice anything to become Enkidu’s friend, but Enkidu changes Gilgamesh. To use own power for good is important for Enkidu, and so it becomes important for Gilgamesh, and friends decide to fight Humbaba. In modern world, good friends are supportive for each other in a way similar to Enkidu and Gilgamesh. They don’t afraid to change own plans for a life if it’s what makes a friend happy. Good friends are always there for each other, but most important that they are equal for each other. Otherwise, there’s no respect in relationships, and someone necessary feels humiliated, someone

Managing Cross Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managing Cross Culture - Essay Example Dysfunctional employee outcomes such as sceptical behaviour, job insecurity, psychological anxiety and distress which in turn results in worse health outcomes can be caused by un-planned cross-border merger and acquisition activities (Chung et al. 2014). There are three theoretical approaches for studying the employee problems associated with merger and acquisition namely, psychological, social and cultural (Marmenout, 2010). Objectives of this study are to examine the problems which can arise to a company in the UK during acquiring or merging with a Chinese company and to provide a comprehensive guideline to overcome those problems. Current study adopts literature methodology to adopt focusing on the cultural perspective which states that combining two distinct organizations with different cultures often leads to a cultural clash or collision that undermines individual employyes’ performances (Barry & Slocum, 2003; Marmenout, 2010). Cross-border merger and acquisition initiat ives are considered even more challenging to the work force compared to the within country business expansion because the employees are confronted with various cultural difference at the organization level as well as nation level (Chung et al. 2014). There are language-barriers, different religions, contradicting believes, values and perceptions in the society which may obstacle from achieving the goals of cross-border merger. Current research findings reveal that productivity of the human resource component in a firm can be severely affected by the un-planned cross-border expansion (Makri, 2012) because in the new company there is an interface where the cultural values of individuals coming from the two different organizations and countries are interacted. If this interface was not carefully designed cultural clash or collision can occur disrupting the functions of the organization. As the nature of the difficulties faced during the business expansion across the borders highly depe nds up on specific cultures, most of the researchers have restricted to specific case studies. The current study also focuses on problems which were identified in research studies based on the cross-border merger and acquisition activities initiated by the companies in the Western part of the world and China. Chapter organization of the study can be described as follows. Part one provides an insight as to what are problems of cross-border merger and acquisition activities with a special emphasis on the differential cultural values. Part two presents recommendations to face the above challenges. Finally the summary of the research findings are presented under conclusions. Part 01 Literature Review Power Status of the Organizations involved in Cross-Culture Business Expansion Cross-border (or cross-culture) expansion of businesses often involves organizations which are characterised by status differences. Organizations which have differential power status are involved in cross-border expansion because merger and acquisition are the methods by which the cross-border expansion is achieved by the companies. Fischer et al. 2007, states that market expansion of the organizations comprises of an organization which is more economically successful or of greater size and the rest of the

A REFLECTIVE WRITING ON CASE STUDY 1 MANAGING A SICKLE CELL ANEMIA FOR Essay

A REFLECTIVE WRITING ON CASE STUDY 1 MANAGING A SICKLE CELL ANEMIA FOR ASSESSMENT 2 - Essay Example Diagnosis is usually made at birth at the time of newborn screening. Disease management is usually focused on pain, hydration and infections prevention and various complications resulting in vaso-occlusive crises (Lee, Askew, Walker, Stephen & Robertson-Artwork, 2012). This paper is a reflective essay and discusses leadership management on the caring of a patient with sickle cell disorder by applying the theoretical concept from Gibbs framework of reflection. The essay is based on the case study of a 25-year old African-Caribbean man who had been diagnosed episode of sickle cell pain. The patient has been admitted in the Lister Hospital six times on the same issue. Though the previous pains were on the abdominal and legs, this time round he came up with chest pain also. Skills, knowledge and attributes linked to leadership are also discussed and change management leadership concept applied. The paper has analyzed my accountability and delegation, ending up with conclusion summarizing the whole paper concept. The reflective model that I have decided to apply is Gibbs model of reflection. This framework is grounded on Gibbs Reflective Cycle developed in 1988 (Gibbs, 1998). The framework is related to Kolbs Learning Cycle, but it covers the principles at large. Every step of the cycle starts with describing the event, then reviewing; reflecting on the experience then ends up with the formulation of a plan to deal with the same experience in the future. This cycle constitutes six steps of which the practitioner is expected to provide answers to various questions each leading to the next step, stressing an adequate event analysis provoking decisive thought. Fresh meanings are developed making the learner come up with an affirmative plan of action (Gibbs, 1988). The six steps involved include: description- what occurred? , feelings-what were you experiencing? ,

Recommendations for Healthcare Worker Health and Safety

Recommendations for Healthcare Worker Health and Safety Liz Rushe Comprehensive plan and aims Outline the aims of the assignment and background details of the setting My name is Elizabeth Rushe, I am currently doing a healthcare QQI awards course, as part of my course work and assignments, and I have to do some work experience, in a nursing home setting, for sixty hours. I applied in Riada House in Tullamore Before I started my work experience, I had to apply in writing, for the work experience and sent in my cv along with my guards clearance and my insurance letter, two references, when I had all the paper work in order I had to set up a meeting with the manger, to meet with them and see, when I could start doing my work experience. I met with the manager her name was Geraldine, she was very nice and made me feel very welcome, and she asked me all about the course and asked did I like it. Geraldine said that they do have a lot of students doing work experience in the setting, we talked about when I would start and what I needed to wear, which was a black trouser and polo shirt. I asked her about the setting, she told me that there were 35 bedded units, consisting of 6 respite care and 29 long term care beds. The care team at Riada House aim to provide high quality, person centred care within a supportive, homely and welcoming environment. The care team aim to promote independence and residents choices. The rights and dignity of each resident will be respected at all times. I thanked Geraldine for her taking the time for meeting me and that I look forward, to starting my work experience there and that I would see her on the date that I was starting on, as I walked up the hall to the main door, any staff members that I met, they all smile and said hello, as I met them, which tell me that this is a nice place. Liz Rushe Occupational Health and Safety in the workplace Noise and sound HAZARDS As a healthcare assistant, working with noise and loud can cause stress for both patients and the healthcare assistant, especially on a long shift. Patients are not able to get a full night sleep, as they may have waked up shortly are falling asleep and too tried to get up the next day. As someone has the radio or television up a bit too high, or a staff member letting something fall in the middle of the night that might have made a loud noise. RISK Loud and distracting sounds and noises can interfere with the healthcare assistant duties, as this can distract them and not concentrate on the patient that they are attending, which puts the patient at risk. CONTROL MEASURES Make sure that all televisions and radio are turn off or turn down low after 8pm in the evening and that all the ward doors are closed to help aid a good night sleep.   That all staff are wearing low and comfortable footwear, (cushions souls). Liz Rushe Stress HAZARDS If the healthcare assistant is under or feeling stress in the workplace, this can cause physical and mental health problems and up set to them,   this can cause them to be distracted in their work and not having their minds fully on their job, this could result in putting the patient, other members of staff and them selves at risk. This   may lead to the healthcare assistant been absence for work, this can lead to more problems for the healthcare assistant, as they are out of work, they are not getting their full wages. RISKS The healthcare assistant can start to have problems, such as high blood pressure, skin problems (eczema, rash), the healthcare assistant can have disturbed sleep, which will affect them carry out their daily duties and this can affect their confidence in their work. The healthcare assistant can take to drugs, alcohol, or even develop an ulcer from worrying, which can also lead to hair loss or going grey. If the healthcare assistant is on any medical, or coming into work after taking drugs or alcohol, this could affect them in their work environment CONTROL MEASURES Taking up daily exercise, as getting out in the fresh air can help your mood; also as you are walking, they might find it can tell them to talk to another person about what is going on in their lives. Going to their manger and having a talk with them, might the only thing that they have to do to fit the problem, that they are having and if not it might be the first steps that they take to putting it right. Liz Rushe Diet, exercise and lifestyle HAZARDS Having a good lifestyle, might not always be a good thing, if we do not take any exercise at all, this could affect the healthcare assistant, in their daily work. Taking daily exercise is one of the key in fighting and preventing heart disease, depression and anxiety.   Going for a walk can help change your mood, after a bad day at work or just help clear your head, if anything was worry you, if they are getting it hard to focus on their job, which can lead to bad judgment. A well balance diet can help too, this can start feeling good on the inside, and this diet must contain, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, mineral, salts and fibre, plus some fat. RISKS If something is wrong at work, this can affect the healthcare worker, judgement and choices that they made about each patient. If they are not concentrating on what they are doing, they can easily mix up mediation. By not taking exercise can be the cause of back pain, other injury, high blood pressure or high cholesterol, or type two diabetes, depression. CONTROL MEASURES Regular physical exercise is great; taking 20 30 minutes, three times a week will help improve our physical and mental health.   Reducing the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, etc. having a well balance diet, can help us feel good, this also helps   our bladder and bowl keep in working order, penalty of roughage dose help. A few drink free nights together and giving up smoking will improve the healthcare worker chance of living long and fitter as well. Liz Rushe Dangerous chemicals, fumes and dust HAZARDS The healthcare assistant should always read the labels on all chemicals, before use, and never mix any chemicals together. All chemicals are dangerous and need to be treated with care, as the can catch fire or cause some long term health problems for the healthcare worker. If chemicals get on the skin, this may cause skin irritation, chest problems, as the fumes can be dangerous. RISKS The healthcare assistant could be out of work for a long time, due to inhaling fumes that have cause chest problems, or skin irritation. If not stored properly, some chemicals can catch fire, which could lead to someone getting buried. CONTROL MEASURES All chemicals must be labelled clearing, that everyone knows what the are and how to use them, store away in a locked and safe area or cupboard. Good housekeeping is always top of the list, as damp dusting, will help keep down dust that can lead to health problems. All ways wear PPE, gloves, mask, and apron when dealing with any chemicals. Never put any chemicals into minerals bottles at ant time. Liz Rushe Occupational related illness HAZARDS People and patients coughing or sneezing on you, passing their germs to you. It is important that healthcare assistants always follow policy and procedures, by wearing PPE, gloves, aprons etc. The healthcare worker should report anything that they see, that could cause a hazard, such as wet floor, this could cause someone to fall or slip, which could result in the person been injury. RISKS Bad house keeping can cause a risk, such as air borne bugs (dust), spills that occur, if not clean up straight away, can result in slipping or falling, which lead to that person been out of work (back injury). Steps could be highlighted for safety if in a dark area, also keep all hall ways clear of any equipment or boxes. CONTROL MEASURES If the   healthcare assistant is not trained in the right control measures, they should look to be trained, and it is important that the healthcare worker, maintain a good standard of house keeping, spraying door handles, hand rails, good hand washing, and report any defects that they see, on equipment, or in the wards. Liz Rushe Manual handing HAZARDS If the healthcare assistant is not trained probably in moving, or lifting patients in a hoist, this could result, in the healthcare assistant or patient getting hurt. Always use the slip sheet, instead of pulling the patient up the bed by hand. Not wearing the right footwear, can be a hazard, wearing non slip soles and comfortable can help been on your feet all day and reduce back injury. RISKS If the task needs two people, the healthcare assistant must not attempt, to do this by themselves, as this could result in the patient or the healthcare assistant getting hurt. Never lift by them as this could lead to the healthcare assistant been out of work, due to back injury, always using a hoist. CONTROL MEASURES The healthcare assistant must make sure before using any equipment, that it is in good working order and report it if needs attention and always be in the correct standing position before moving anyone. Make sure that before moving or changing the patient, that you have everything that is needed; it is too late half way through. The healthcare assistant must give themselves penalty of room in moving a patient and not wearing clothes that could restrict their movement. Liz Rushe Select one occupational related illness and give a detailed description of CAUSES Back injury is the most common injury in the healthcare sector, along with contacts with germs, falls, trips, and slips on wet floors. As the healthcare assistant goes about their daily duties, it is important for them to follow policy and procedures, to reduce the risk of injury to themselves or patients. By not using a hoist when lifting a patient into or out of a bed, chair or if need be into the toilet, there will be a pulling on the back. The healthcare assistant who does not take care, when picking up, putting down any such items as boxes, etc. Not using the slip sheet, when moving a patient up in the bed and pulling them up using their own arms. When making or changing a bed, the healthcare assistant must always raise the bed up to hip level, before starting this task, as this can reduce the risk of back injury. When showering a patient do not lift them, with another assistant, use a hoist to lift them into the shower bed or onto a chair to wheel them into the bathroom. When feeding a patient sit down beside them at their level and do not stand, bend down over them. When changing a patient in the bed, bending over the patient, can lead to back discomfort and after doing this for a length of time, will cause back injury. Liz Rushe Symptoms As the healthcare assistant goes about their daily duties, they may find that not using their manual handing properly   and lifting patients, with their arms   and pulling them up in the beds and chairs that now they are suffering with back pain and discomfort. They may feel tried and not able to do much around the house. This may start to affect the ability to do their normal work duties and affect their home life as well and if this is not look after, might lead to been out of work, for a long time. The healthcare assistant must watch out for things left out in hall ways, as they can fall over them and hurt their backs and walking into rooms, after been cleaned, as the floors might be still wet and they can slip and fall. As the healthcare assistant finds that the simple thing of rolling a patient over in the bed, can hurt them, as this could be the result of wear and tear over a period of time. This can also lead to the healthcare assistant to start getting pains in their, legs, arms and neck as the injury gets worst. The healthcare assistant may have to, leave work and go to the doctor, which could lead to been out of work for long periods of time. Liz Rushe Impact on the worker The impact on the healthcare assistant was out of work, due to wear and tear, or a fall, can have big effect on their lives. If they are out of work, they might not be able to do anything at home, such as hover, wash a floor or other basic things and this could start them feeling down in them selves. As they sit at home the healthcare assistant, could start to eat to much as that all they can do or turn away from food, as they get more and more depressed. Their sleep might be affect, which could lead to been up during the night and asleep all day, which could lead to the person been moody. Along with this, their wages might be affect, which will bring other problems with it, such as doctor bills, any medication that they might have to get, plus if they have to see a physiotherapy, this can start to add up and not been on full wages , can become expensive. This may cause the healthcare assistant to become stress and depress, as financial problems may start to arise.   As the healthcare assistant is at home, they might not see anyone until their family comes home, which this can be lonely on the person. They should try and get out for a walk every day even if they can not go very far, as they will meet someone along the way to talk to them. Liz Rushe Preventative measures It is the healthcare assistant responsibility to be trained fully in manual handing and if not go to the staff nurse or manger to request that this is done.   The healthcare assistant must always follow what they have been shown, through manual handing, as this dose prevent a lot of injury. The healthcare assistant must report any faults in the setting or any equipment that needs to be repaired. Suitable footwear can help, as been on your feet all day can affect your back. Put manual handing into use, by bending your knees when bending and lifting any boxes and always use correct stand, when moving a patient, use your legs to take some of the pressure. Regular exercise can help prevent, some back injury and getting patients who are able to move, to get them to do most of the moving themselves, where possible. Always use the hoist, when lifting or moving a patient to a chair, toilet, shower or bed and never lift anyone by yourself, always have someone with you to assess. When moving a patient up in the bed, always use a slip sheet and never pull a patient up with your arms. Bring the bed up to hip high, when changing the bed or a patient, as the healthcare assistant will not have to bend over, and there for reduce the pull to the assistant back area. When feeding a patient, sit down beside them at their level, so you do not have to bend over them or reach to them. Liz Rushe Recommendations One of my recommendations would be that all healthcare staff, trained in manual handing, before the start the job, and any up date training to be done, for all staff in the setting.   As lifting without a hoist can be dangerous, also that all staff that have anything to do with changing, feeding or looking after the patients. Follow policy and procedures correctly, as this can stop injury to the patient and healthcare assistant. I also recommendations that all staff and students shown how to steer, and walk slowly with a wheelchair, especially around corners. I recommend that all staff wear appropriate foot wear (cushion souls), as I think that this dose helps with back problems. All healthcare staff should their PPE personal protective equipment, gloves, aprons, masks, when dealing with any patients that soiled or any body fluids. For all staff to use the hand gel, as many times as they can during the day, as this is better than hand washing, in killing more germs. All nurses, healthcare assistants, cleaning staff to report anything that they find in the wards, hallways or other parts of the setting that is in need of repair, as this can cause an accident or maybe become a risk for someone. As good communication between staff and manger, is especially to keep everything running smoothly. Liz Rushe Assignment evaluation As part of my assignment, I had to go work experience, in a nursing home setting, as I started this course and doing my work experience, I have learned so much about policies and procedures, health and safety, that following them is very important. I have learned how much care and attention the patients need on a daily basic and this is given to them, by all the staff with kindness and respect. Staff must follow the health and safety policy and procedures, to ensure that everyone is working in safe environment. I have learned that all staff must do everything they can   to prevent the spread of infection and that staff that are dealing with patient of high risk are taking appropriate measures, such as hand washing, hand gel and wearing PPE at all times. When changing a bed, to have the laundry trolley beside the bed and not to bring the dirty sheets to the trolley, in another room.

Cultural Comparison

I have chosen three stories of women growing up in relationship to thtime period in which they lived, their ethnicity,the customs of their countries and how they attempted to handle their life situations. Child f the Americas by Aurora Morales, gives us a view of a woman who is happy with herself and adjusts well to her life. The second is What It’s Like to be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith, a story of transition from childhood to adulthood for a young black girl having problems with both growing up and her place as a black woman in society. The third Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer is the story of growing up in South Africa as a repressed young black woman. Child of the Americas by Aurora Morales, is tribute to her multiple identity. The word diasposa is the perfect description of her heritage. It means the scattering of a people from their ancestral home . She is a descendent of Latin American, Jewish, Aftican and North American heritage and she describes herself as saying she is none of these things outwardly, they are within her (Clugston).. This collage of nationalities forms the theme of this poem. The tone of She clearly knows who she is and is proud of the fact that she is confident. The tone of this poem is upbeat and is developed in this upbeat manner. She is different and likes being different. She realizes her inherited background has a dark side, ghettoes I have never seen citation . Even her use of symbolism,† I speak English with passion: it's the tongue of my consciousness, a flashing knife blade of cristal, my tool, my craft. Shows pride in who she is. The setting of this story is important. She is a U. S. American who could have been born in any of the other countries of their heritage. This is a story of self discovery and it is obvious she likes what she sees. †¢What it is like to be a black girl in in fact the opposite of Child of the Americas. She is a young black girl, who discovers she is growing up. She talks about being nine and feeling like she al right and too add to this she had the problem of a racially prejudice society. She hopes for something better to come in her life She wishes to be whilte, putting food coloring in her eyes to try to change them and a white mophead on her head over her hair. She wanted to grow into a more accepted form. She used other ways to tell how she wanted to grow into something different, She was having trouble grownng up with issusess that did not include the racial issue.. It is an insiers view into a young black girl’s transition into black woman-hood at a time where both being a black girl and a black woman was not as welcomed It discusses the conflict she has between being a little girl â€Å"jumping double Dutch until your legs pop† and â€Å"growing tall it talks about when she marries and becomes submissive to a ma as women did in her era. In comparison to Child of the Americas, the feeling or tone of the story is in complete opposition to the bouncy, girl, proud of her heritage l I have n ow covered two different heritages, one who is proud of her heritage and it is apparent that she looks forward to her future. The second is of the transition of a woman who is not sure of her future in relationship to her heritage. The third story begins as a mellow story of two young people who grow up together discover each other, but apparently the girl has no future, other than the one in which she is destined to live the rest of her life. The tone of this story becomes dark and hard as the young woman realizes she has no future and no control of her future. The characters and their background are important in each of these three stories. In all three stories, the character and their reaction to their ethnicity in relationship to how they feel about themselves is the key point of each story. Their reactions range from feeling good about themselves, vibrant and alive to feeling that they had a set pattern in life and had to learn to grow up and live it, to feeling as if they are of no importance to anyone at all. The theme of these three stories appears to be intertwined. The reasoning for these themes are not the same, but they are related. They all include learning to live with yourself and your conditions in relationship to your cultural background, your area in which you live , your own internal feelings and the feelings of others toward you. In each story, the situations were handled differently The character in Child of the Americas is adjusted to the fact that she is unique and is proud of herself. The character in Country Lovers has made mistakes in her life, adjusted to limitations in life and is simply trying to live life in the only way she knows how to survive. The theme is What its like to grow up black, has a less apparent theme than the other two. It appears to consider how hard it is to grow up at all, much less during the time period a transition in the place of the people of her heritage in the world. The main theme of these three stories is that we need to be honest with ourselves and live life in the best way we can The tone of each story differs but each added to the individual reading of these tories. The Child of the Americas was an upbeat reading to begin with and was reflected in the tone. It made me think of my own heritage and how it contributed to the person I am today. The tone of What is like to grow up black had a tone that suggested a little sadness and confusion. The tone made me reflect onmy own childhood. I could empathize with the confusion of chil dhood. I was growing up in the 1960’s and though my ethnic backround is different, each of us in that era we were both women and had decisions to make about our future. Our character seemed to think her future was marriage. The third character was growing up in South /Africa during a time of race oppression compared to the United States slavery times, so the theme appeared to be quite different from the theme of the first two stories. It used childhood innocence and exploration and added the forbidden dimension of separation of races to form her childhood and rise into adulthood, In conclusion, the tone of each story differed but all three ended with the characters knowing where they belonged in the world. The historical aspect of each story played an important part of each story. Looking at each author’s background their other writings helps us to understand the reasoning behind each story. Our textbook tells us that Nadine Gordimer was born and raised in South Africa and has lived there all her life except for a year spent at college. Her writing reflects her strong opposition to apartheid which oppressed the black population of South Africa for almost fifty years,, ending in 1994, Apartheid was a socioeconomic system that managed to oppress the black population though they were in the majority of South African people. Many of her works talked about patricia smith is a modern poet known for slam poetry. It is said she speaks for the foices of thoe who have not been heard. Her poetry includes stories of mothers of murdered black youths, the undertakers who try to patch up the bodies, the skinheads whose hate twists America in a knotl Born raised and beginning work as a columinist for Chicago Tribune, she transplanted to New England where she became a columnist for the Boston Globe. She told the same stories using the same techniques and gave birth to slam poetry, using real issues and slamming the point home. In this capacity she lost her credibility when it was discovered that many of her stories written in newspapers as facts, were in fact not true stories. It cost her her career, her marriage and the Pulitzer prize. She has recovered from these downfalls and continues to write and perform slam poetry. http://www. english. illinois. edu/maps/poets/s_z/p_smith/p_smith. htm Aurora Morales, author of Child of the Americas was born in Puerto Rico, the child of a Puerto Rican mother and Jewish father. She moved to the United States in 1967 and has proven herself to be a social activist, concerened with issues of third world people, especially women. She uses her Puerto Rican heritage to identify on a global perspective. Her work discusses sesual abuse racial discrimination and such far ranging topicsa as ecology and social justice. She along with many other women of color who are writers in the U. S, stry to stress the importance of female ethnic heritage in relationship to the development of a feminine voice. She authored her first book, her most important and acclaimed one with her mother. It was a common project in which both of them fouond peace and refuge against discrimination and oppression in writing about themes using their Puerto Rican identity, expressing opinions of third world feminism, , womens relationships and self discovery through a past heritage. It was through this writing that Child of the Americas was born. She and her mother feel that diversity is a source of pawe and home is everywhere. At present she and her mother are attempting to tell the history of peurto Rio through womens ancestor’s who have been silenced. It is unusual work, mixing history of oppressed women with medicinal herb remedies. The two women feel tht reliving and opening up old painful wounds of wimen’s mistreatment is a way of cleansing and healing the past. http://www. uhu. es/antonia. dominguez/pricans/aurora_levins_morales. htm The varied backgrounds of these three women come together to make them writers who write about oppressed and downtrodden peoples. Each in their real lives has worked to correct these problems/ The time line of the history of these three authors has also influenced the historical aspecof each piece of work. They were acve in the 1960’s in which lay the most influencial racial issues of modern day. Apathaid oin south Africa was inforced and Apartheid was begun as a result of greed for the diamonds of South Africa. To insure that the smallest amount of people would have the rights, certain laws were enabled. In 1948 laws that were enacted that pertained to every aspect of social life. From the ability for interracial marriage to the instillation of white only jobs. This discrimination included naming people by their color, their parents color. The black, white, or other nationality were the only ones accepted. If one was considered black. He had to carry a pass at all times, that even included his fingerprints. These were the conditions that were in affect during the writing of Country Lovers. http://www. hoover. org/publications/hoover-digest/by-topic/1076 The civil rights movement occurred between 1955 and 1968, /the movement mainly wanted to abolish discrimination toward African Americans. It began in the south where whites were segregated from blacks. These people were treated ruely because of their color and everything from transportation to the use of public drinking fountains was affected. Now famous black Americans such as rosa parks and martin luthor king took up the causedelivering speeches, making people aware of the unjustice There were deaths including Martin Luthor King but eventually the Civil Rights Act was signed by President Johnson in 1964. All of these discrimination acts occurred during the time all three authors were writing, so it is quite logical that their work would be filled with reference to the unjustice off treatment of the black race in their writings. I feel the similarities of these three stories comes within the plot. I feel these stories were written to make people aware of the pastplight of black women and as Aurora Morales has done publicly, keep a record of their heritage of this injustice. The p lot is as simple as helping a woman rise above injustice. To bring these three stories together. Their similarities far outweigh their difference. They were historically written in a time of injustice for the black race. The tone of each story reflects the attitude of each woman in relationship to her race.References Anonymous (2011) http://www.hoover.org/publications/hoover-digest/by-topic/1076 morales (2010) http://www.uhu.es/antonia.dominguez/pricans/aurora_levins_morales.htm Smith P. (2007)http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/s_z/p_smith/p_smith.htm Anonymous (2009) http://learningzoneclass.com/aoat11/cayco/history.html Anonymous (2001) http://scholar.library.miami.edu/sixties/urbanRiots.php

Compare and Contrast ‘Sonnet 130’ with ‘Blessing’

Compare and Contrast ‘Sonnet 130’ with ‘Blessing’ In this essay I am going to discuss and explore ‘Sonnet 130’ by William Shakespeare and ‘Blessing’ by Imtiaz Dharker. I will focus on the differences and similarities between both poems in terms of language, themes and poetic devices. I feel that ‘Sonnet 130’ seems to imply the fact that Shakespeare is insulting his Mistress. He does so by saying what she is not. He says negative things about her appearance and voice. The ‘Blessing’ poem is about people and children in a slum and their reaction towards water.They believe it as the ‘Voice of a kindly god’ because they hardly get any water in the slum. Water is rare to them. The poems are similar in that they are both descriptive poems. The ‘Blessing’ by Dharker describes how the people in the slum would react and feel if there was a sudden outburst of water. As I have mentioned befor e water is rare to them and they feel it is a gift from god. We know this because in the poem it says ‘imagine the drip of it, the small splash, echo in a tin mug, the voice of a kindly god. In this stanza he is describing how rarely they get water and how much they believe just the sound of it makes them feel like it’s the sound of a kindly god. However, in ‘Sonnet 130’ Shakespeare is describing his mistress and how awful she looks and sounds. We know this because in Sonnet ‘130’ he says ‘I have seen roses damasked, red and white, But no such roses do I see in her cheeks. ’ By this line he is stating that ‘damasked roses’, meaning large and fragrant roses, are not what his Mistress’ cheeks are like.Another example is ‘And in some perfumes there is more delight, than in the breath that from my mistress reeks’. Shakespeare is saying that in perfume there is more delight in smelling it rather than his mistress’ breath which he says reeks-foul smelling. A difference between the two poems in terms of language is that Shakespeare uses old English as he was a poet, playwright in the 16th and 17th century whereas Dharker is a more of a modern day poet. For instance ‘That music hath a far more pleasing sound’. In this line Shakespeare uses the word ‘hath’ which is the old English word for ‘has’.But Dharker uses words that are from the modern day. Another similarity between the two poems is that both poems use enjambment. In Shakespeare’s sonnet the enjambment falls between the lines ‘And in some perfumes there is more delight than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. ’ After the word ‘delight’ the rest of the sentence is on another line. Then after the word ‘reeks’ there is a fullstop where the enjambment ends. A difference between both the poems is that Dharker’s poem is a normal poem and Shakespeare’s poem is a sonnet.A sonnet is a poem with fourteen lines that has a unique rhythm called an iambic pentameter. However Dharker’s poem is a normal poem that describes people’s reaction to water in a slum. Similes are used in both these poems. A simile is when you compare one thing to another thing that is common and easy to picture in your mind. In other words a good poetic device used to create an image in your head. In ‘Blessing’ Dharker uses the simile ‘The skin cracks like a pod. ’ Dharker means that, because there is hardly ever any water in the slum the ground cracks like a pod.By using a simile he has compared the ground to something common and created an image in my head. Shakespeare uses many similes in ‘Sonnet 130’. One of many examples is ‘My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun’. He is saying that his mistress’ eyes aren’t shiny and beautiful like the sun in fact they are the complete opposite. Both poems also use metaphors. A metaphor is a poetic device that is used to compare two things. It does so by comparing something to something else that is literally not possible. For example in Shakespeare’s poem he says ‘Coral s far more red, than her lips. ’ Shakespeare is explaining that his mistress’ lips are nothing like the coral. He is comparing it to coral because coral is red and having red lips is good but his mistress does not have nice lips. In ‘Blessing’ a example of a metaphor is ‘naked children screaming in the liquid sun’. By the words ‘liquid sun’ she means they feel as if heat is being poured over them and that’s why they have been longing for water. The theme of the poem ‘Blessing’, meaning the central idea or the main focus, is how people and children feel and react when they see water.It also focus’ on why they react this way an d how they feel when water is not there and how they are praying for it and when they finally do get water, they feel as if their prayers have been answered. We know this because in the second stanza they say ‘imagine the drip of it, the small splash, echo in a tin mug, the voice of a kindly god. ’ This stanza is explaining that when they hear the sound of water they feel as if it is the sound of a kindly god. However the theme of Shakespeare’s poem is totally different to the theme of ‘Blessing’. The theme of Shakespeare poem is him insulting his Mistress and how grotesque she looks.We know this because in his sonnet all of his lines are insults. For instance, ‘If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. ’ He says that, if wires could grow on people’s heads then that is what is growing on his Mistress’ head. Overall I think that both these poems have used a range of poetic devices. There stanzas and line are relevant to their theme. I have discovered that both poems have a number of similarities and differences between them. They both have a good use of imagery and they are easy to understand. By Geerthana Sankar 8GR1 6C

Norway essays

Norway essays People around the world have many different views on what is considered proper etiquette. If one decides to do business without being informed of the customs and etiquette of the area, there is a slim chance that their business dealings will work out. When a representative is sent to another country, the representative is not only representing their business but also their country and themselves. To make sure you leave a good impression, when doing business with another country, one must be well informed on the area, culture, and business practices of that country. If you are a representative sent to Norway, first you should know a little about the area. Norway occupies the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and shares borders with Sweden, Finland and Russia. Norway has a long coastline and a mountainous interior that is blanketed by some of Europes largest glaciers. Over 500 sq km of Norway lies north of the Arctic Circle, but the countrys western coast usually remains ice free year-round due to the warm waters of the Gulf Stream. The country is at its best and brightest from May to September, and at its worst between November and March when average temperatures are below freezing. Midnight-sun days are days when the sun never drops below the horizon; these days extend from May 13 to July 29 at Nordkapp in the far north and from May 28 to July 14 in the Lofoten Islands. Southern Norway has daylight from 4 am to 11 pm in midsummer. On the other hand, the sun does not rise in the north from the end of November to the end of Jan uary. Knowing this you can plan what to wear. Secondly, you should know about the business dealings and economy of the area. Norway is a wealthy country with extensive offshore oil and gas reserves and traditional industries based on natural resources such as timber, aluminum, fishing, farming, and shipping. The country is almost self sufficient in hydroelectric power and e...

The Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire

The Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that was founded in 1299 after growing out of the breakdown of several Turkish tribes. The empire then grew to include many areas in what is now present-day Europe. It eventually became one of the largest, most powerful and longest-lasting empires in the history of the world. At its peak, the Ottoman Empire included the areas of Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Hungary, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. It had a maximum area of 7.6 million square miles (19.9 million square kilometers) in 1595. The Ottoman Empire began to decline in the 18th century, but a portion of its land became what is now Turkey. Origin and Growth The Ottoman Empire began in the late 1200s during the breakup of the Seljuk Turk Empire. After that empire broke up, the Ottoman Turks began to take control of the other states belonging to the former empire and by the late 1400s, all other Turkish dynasties were controlled by the Ottoman Turks. In the early days of the Ottoman Empire, the main goal of its leaders was expansion. The earliest phases of Ottoman expansion occurred under Osman I, Orkhan, and Murad I. Bursa, one of the Ottoman Empires earliest capitals, fell in 1326. In the late 1300s, several important victories gained more land for the Ottomans and Europe began to prepare for Ottoman expansion. After some military defeats in the early 1400s, the Ottomans regained their power under Muhammad I. In 1453, they captured Constantinople. The Ottoman Empire then entered its height and what is known as the Period of Great Expansion, during which time the empire came to include the lands of over ten different European and Middle Eastern states. It is believed that the Ottoman Empire was able to grow so rapidly because other countries were weak and unorganized, and also because the Ottomans had advanced military organization and tactics for the time. In the 1500s, the Ottoman Empires expansion continued with the defeat of the Mamluks in Egypt and Syria in 1517, Algiers in 1518, and Hungary in 1526 and 1541. In addition, parts of Greece also fell under Ottoman control in the 1500s. In 1535, the reign of Sulayman I began and Turkey gained more power than it had under previous leaders. During the reign of Sulayman I, the Turkish judicial system was reorganized and Turkish culture began to grow significantly. Following Sulayman Is death, the empire began to lose power when its military was defeated during the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. Decline and Collapse Throughout the rest of the 1500s and into the 1600s and 1700s, the Ottoman Empire began a considerable decline in power after several military defeats. In the mid-1600s, the empire was restored for a short time after military victories in Persia and Venice. In 1699, the empire again began to lose territory and power subsequently. In the 1700s, the Ottoman Empire began to rapidly deteriorate following the Russo-Turkish Wars. A series of treaties created during that time caused the empire to lose some of its economic independence. The Crimean War, which lasted from 1853 to 1856, further exhausted the struggling empire. In 1856, the independence of the Ottoman Empire was recognized by the Congress of Paris but it was still losing its strength as a European power. In the late 1800s, there were several rebellions and the Ottoman Empire continued to lose territory. Political and social instability in the 1890s created international negativity toward the empire. The Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913 and uprisings by Turkish nationalists further reduced the empires territory and increased instability. Following the end of World War I, the Ottoman Empire officially came to an end with the Treaty of Sevres. Importance of the Ottoman Empire Despite its collapse, the Ottoman Empire was one of the largest, longest-lasting, and most successful empires in the worlds history. There are many reasons as to why the empire was as successful as it was, but some of them include its very strong and organized military and its centralized political structure. These early, successful governments make the Ottoman Empire one of the most important in history.

Employment tribunal & employment appeal tribunal Case Study

Employment tribunal & employment appeal tribunal - Case Study Example However, if shares of a business is transferred or either machineries or assets are being transferred to a buyer, then, TUBE regulation will not be applicable. There is a category of employees’ namely self-employed worker who is also known as an independent contractor. These independent contractor offer services for a business through a contract for services. This category of contractor is not an employee of a company as they are offering the business with high-skilled or specialised skills. These self-employed persons can offer their services for a business through an umbrella company or as a sole trader or through a limited company or through a partnership. It is to be noted that an employee works for a business through a contract of service whereas an independent contractor works for a client’s business through a contract for service. To determine whether a person is an employee or an independent contractor, HRMC offers an employment Status Indicator (ESI) kit that e mployees or contractors can use to decide whether they are self-employed or employee of that business (Contractorcalculator.co.uk 2010). A self-employed contractor is an individual who is really carrying on a business for themselves if he or she assumes accountability for the failure or success of the business and is either a staff or an employee of the business. Thus, a self-employed contractor is somebody who is a sole trader and not employed through a service company or through their own limited company.

Marketing and advertising essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing and advertising - Essay Example several options available to them – the internet, the newspaper, buzz marketing or viral marketing, events, public relations or even through direct mail. Today even the human body is used as a bill board (Newman, 2009). Media planning would again differ for established brands and for new product launches. The entire strategy can be different depending on that target market and the product positioning. Reliance on traditional media is decreasing because marketers want a direct relationship with the consumers. This is the reason that Proctor & Gamble (P&G) has been experimenting with viral marketing. P&G is an established brand and can afford to take such risks. When they found selling coffee to the youth was difficult through the traditional media, they place video clips on Web sites like adcritic.com, boardsmag.com, buzzpatrol.com, and YouTube.com (Vollmer and Precourt, 2008: 52). After the ads are placed agents are employed to spread the buzz about the product through their own social network (SD, 208). The process is not costly but requires creativity and innovation. While this media is very quick at spreading the good word, adverse publicity is spread equally fast. A new product would first try to penetrate the market but established brands like P&G seek long-term relationship with the customers. For a new product launch, if the negative publicity marks the beginning, they sta nd to lose the market share. An established product has mush less at risk in using this media. An established brand is as concerned about which media the competitors use as the new product launchers would be. For instance, Levi decides on its media and the budget with rival expenditure in mind. In advanced countries TV is the dominant advertising media and is heavily used by Lee Cooper and Wrangler and hence Levi’s too has to follow suit (Vrontis & Vronti, 2004). However, Zara, the Spanish clothing company, since inception, has not spent on advertising and the media. No billboards

Virgin Mary of Guadalupe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virgin Mary of Guadalupe - Essay Example Mary was at the foot of the cross when Jesus was crucified, and from then on she has been known as the Mother of God and Mother of the Church. Mary lived for years after the crucifixion, and according to the traditions of the Church, told by the early Christians, she was instrumental in the formation of early Christianity, helping and even counseling the members. After her physical death (the Catholics believe that there is life after death), she is believed to have appeared in many instances. She is now ascribed to so many names, depending on the places where she appeared. Such places that are popular and favorite amongst the Catholic faithful are the Fatima (Our Lady of Fatima), Lourdes in France (Our Lady of Lourdes), then the recent Our Lady of Medjugourje. Our Lady of Guadalupe is also very popular in many countries. In the Philippines, the Patroness is the Virgin Mary and many replicas of Our Lady of Guadalupe are placed in churches for the faithful to venerate. She is also known as the Immaculate Conception, the image of this bears the words: "O Mary conceived without sin, pray for us who have recoursed to thee." The feast of the Immaculate Conception is on December 8. ... We see in Mary the figure of the woman from the beginning whose offspring will strike at the ancient serpent's head (Gen. 3:15). (365 Days with the Lord) But the feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe is on December 12. In 1999, Pope John Paul II, in his homily from the Solemn Mass at the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, during his third visit to the sanctuary, declared the date of December 12 as a Liturgical Holy Day for the whole continent. The apparition of Virgin Mary of Guadalupe is one popular among the faithful throughout the world, and is attributed for cures and conversions, especially among the Indians of Mexico. Throughout the world, several replicas have been made of the original image of the Virgin Mary that showed in the tilma as the visionary Juan Diego presented this to the Spanish Bishop Fray Juan de Zumrraga. The origin of the name "Guadalupe" is controversial. According to a sixteenth-century report, the Virgin identified herself as Guadalupe when she appeared to Juan Diego's uncle, Juan Bernardino. It is also suggested that "Guadalupe" is a corruption of a Nahuatl name "Coathlaxopeuh", which is translated as "Who crushes the serpent". The serpent referred to is Quetzalcoatl, one of the chief Aztec gods, whom the Virgin Mary "crushed" by inspiring the conversion of indigenous people to Catholicism. (Wikemedia). In the Immaculate Conception image, the Virgin is seen crushing the head of the serpent (Satan) and this is reflective of the Old Testament, when God sent Adam out of paradise, and made a future reference of the Virgin crushing the head of the serpent. Mara Guadalupe, or just Lupe, is a common female and male name among Mexican people or those with Mexican heritage. (Wikemedia) An account of the apparition states that on

Motorcycle training Essay Example for Free

Motorcycle training Essay This training was developed by police officers for police officers. The information provided is meant to enhance officer knowledge and safety in the realm of motorcycle laws through enforcement and public education of those motor vehicle/motorcycle laws, and give officers the information to help reduce the number of motorcyclist killed or injured in traffic crashes. The International Association of Directors of Law Enforcement Standards and Training (IADLEST) would like to thank the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for their help in making this training possible. Particular thanks go to Earl Hardy and William Cosby of NHTSA for their on-going guidance. We also must extend our thanks to the following individuals who participated in the curriculum development. Their knowledge and experience helped to define the content of the materials for the lesson modules and critical information was covered for law enforcement. The individuals who helped make this training a reality include the following: Mr. Richard Davis, Arkansas State Police; Lt. Jim Halvorsen, New York State Police; Lt. Michael Turcott, Washington State Police; and Mr. John Young, Texas Department of Public Safety. Special thanks to Inspector Patrick McManamon, Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles and Mr. Albert Liebno, Maryland Police Correctional Training Commissions for their feedback on improving the presentations. The information contained in this program by no means reflects the opinions of all the individuals listed. June F. Kelly, Project Manager, IADLEST. Assistant Director, Vermont Police Academy TITLE: Motorcycle Safety and Enforcement Training for LE (Law Enforcement) Lesson Purpose: To understand why the enforcement of motorcycle laws, support of national motorcycle safety enforcement efforts and best practices are critical to reduce motorcycle fatalities and injuries. Date Prepared: May 1, 2009 PURPOSE STATEMENT This training manual developed by IADLEST is intended to assist law enforcement in the enforcement of motorcycle laws. Its purpose is to share existing motorcycle laws knowledge, discuss motorcycle safety issues, the scope of problems involving enforcement of motorcycle laws, and present best practices in the realm of enforcement of motorcycle laws, sharing of safety practices for law enforcement, the motorcyclist and the public, prevention of motorcycle accidents and fill an existing gap in law enforcement training. The goal of this training is to have all police officers trained through their Police Academies or POST1 Programs. We propose to act on the knowledge gained in this course to promote â€Å"enforcement of motorcycle laws† and reduce the problem of unlicensed motorcyclists, motorcycle DUI, non- compliant helmets, and speed related crashes. P. O. S. T. is the acronym for Police Officer Standards and Training TITLE: Training for the Enforcement of Motorcycle Laws Opening Statement This training will look at situations unique to the enforcement of motorcycle laws such as the following: Why so many motorcycles injuries and fatalities and what can law enforcement do through public education and enforcement? Motorcycle Types and Characteristics Safety Laws Related to Equipment and Operation Motorcycle licensing and speeding issues Officer and Motorcyclist Safety Consider â€Å"distracted driver† issues and how critical it is to operating a motorcycle. Driver talking to passenger Cell phone use (yes, in a car and even on a motorcycle) Talking to another motorcyclist, riding two or three abreast Strategies for traffic stops Strategies to avoid pursuit situations Crash Investigation Detection of impaired motorcyclists Detection of non-compliant helmets Latest on enforcement public relations campaigns Specific course objectives. 1. Why this course? Explain national statistics bulleted on slide. 2. Review motorcycle laws related to critical areas. Equipment Licensing requirements Alcohol-related/impaired behavior of motorcyclists Speed Enforcement Helmets FMVSS 218 and what are the pending revisions 3. Officer Safety concerns Explain and share strategies for stopping motorcycles and Strategies to avoid pursuits. 4. Motorcycle Crash Investigation awareness First Responder Safety and Motorcyclist First Aid Pointers What are some motorcycle crash investigation pointers to consider for crash investigators? Does your state have standardized data gathering and reporting for motorcycle crashes? 5. Encourage motorcycle safety and education. National Statistics 2 Injuries Fatalities According to US DOT, Motorcycle fatalities have more than doubled since 1998, increasing 130 percent over a ten year period. Registration trends Motorcycles account for 3 percent of all registered vehicles; however motorcycle fatalities represent 13 percent of traffic fatalities in the United States. Unlicensed motorcycle drivers1 out 4 motorcycle riders (25%) involved in fatal crashes in 2008 were not properly licensed. DUI is a factor in fatalities Alcohol is a significant factor in far too many motorcycle fatal crashes. In 2008, 29 percent of all fatally injured motorcycle operators had BAC levels of . 08 or higher, and 43 percent of those killed in single-vehicle crashes were over . 08 BAC, and that number jumps to 64 percent on weekend nights. Helmet Use Nationally Helmet Laws from State to State   20 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico require helmet use by all;   Other States have â€Å"partial helmet† laws based on age or no laws requiring helmet use. Enforcement Issues   There is limited training on enforcement of motorcycle laws because most police academies across the country do not have courses on the topic or only provide brief coverage on motorcycle laws in their basic motor vehicle law classes.   Training on motorcycle law enforcement is often specialized and appeals to those that ride. Most law enforcement officers do not ride motorcycles so they do not know what to look for regarding motorcycle equipment, helmets and the laws. Motorcycle Risks Motorcyclists Are at Risk from Other Drivers. Drivers of passenger vehicles and all types of vehicles need to be alert of motorcycles. Motorcycles are small and may be difficult for drivers of other vehicles to see.   Motorcycles have a much smaller profile than other vehicles.   Due to the smaller profile it can be difficult to judge the speed and distance of an approaching motorcycle.   After a crash, the drivers of other vehicles involved often say they never saw the motorcyclist and were unable to respond in time.   In the event of a crash, a motorcyclist is much more vulnerable and in much greater danger physically than other vehicle occupants. In fact, â€Å"Per vehicle mile traveled in 2007, motorcyclists are about 37 times more likely than passenger car occupants to die in a traffic crash and 9 times more likely to be injured. † National Statistics Motorcyclist Deaths are Rising.   In 2008, motorcycle rider fatalities increased for the tenth straight year.   During 2008, 5,290 motorcyclists lost their lives in fatal highway crashes, an increase of 2 percent over the 5,174 motorcyclists killed in 2007.   Motorcycle riders were involved in more than one out of nine of all U. S. roadway fatalities. 47 percent of all fatalities in motorcycle crashes in 2008 involved another vehicle in addition to the motorcycle in the crash.   77 percent of all two-vehicle crashes involving a motorcycle were struck in the front with only 7 percent struck in the rear.   In 41 percent of the crashes involving a motorcycle and another type of vehicle, the other vehicle was turning left when the motorcycle was going straight, passing, or overtaking the vehicle.   In 2008, 35 percent of all motorcycle riders involved in fatal crashes were speeding. Law Enforcement. Law enforcement has a special contribution to make in the prevention of motorcycle crashes. Some of these contributions are simple and some are very difficult: dirt bikes in traffic are an obvious hazard; unlicensed motorcyclists are difficult to detect, and according to the Hurt study impaired motorcycle riders are far more difficult to detect than impaired automobile drivers. The increases involvement of the unlicensed rider in all crashes, and the impaired rider in fatal crashes, demands enforcement action, but legal requirements of due cause for a traffic stop may limit this action. These edited comments are a part of the Hurt Study released in 1981, which tried to research motorcycle crash cause factors and identify countermeasures to use in the idea of providing the basis of due cause for preliminary enforcement action and screening of traffic for unlicensed riders. One fundamental rider communication measure suggested in the study was enforcement action by ticketing for a for a traffic violation. The data of this research shows that driver improvement is vital to those motorcycle riders who have had traffic violations or crashes, and experience has shown that a special motorcycle traffic school is an effective alternative to the payment of a fine for a citation. Advantage should be made of this contact opportunity to require a special motorcycle traffic school for motorcycle riders with traffic citations so that critical information can be given to these likely crash candidates. The Hurt study was cited in many references about motorcycle crash cause studies and countermeasures over the years. This study is now 30 years old. A new study is currently under commission through the Motorcycle Safety Foundation to the Oklahoma Transportation Center for the â€Å"new Motorcycle Crash Causation Study†. The hope is that this study will shed new light on the causes of crashes and update the old data. HURT STUDY – Highlights Key Points Learned 75% M/C crashes involve another vehicle 2/3 of those crashes other vehicle failed to yield right of way to M/C Failure of motorist to recognize M/C is predominate cause of crash Crash configuration—M/C traveling straight other vehicle turning maneuver Riders 16 and 24 of age are over-represented in these crashes (96% male) 92% of the riders we self taught without any â€Å"formal† training 50% of fatal M/C riders had alcohol usage Motorcyclist had significant collision avoidance problems, i. e. , over/under braking, poor ability to counter steer and swerve, etc. Typically less than 2 seconds for motorcyclist to react Motorcycles equipped with fairings and windshields low crash involvement – maybe related to conspicuity (more frontal surface) High number of M/C riders had no M/C license , no license of any type or were suspended/revoked

The Representation of Minorities in American Cinema Essay -- Movies Fi

The Representation of Minorities in American Cinema As the semester progressed and we continued learning how Latinos have been misrepresented through American cinema during the twentieth century, I began to wonder about my own heritage and how Jews were portrayed in films of the same era. I grew up learning about the various stereotypes that have been associated with Jews throughout history, but never have I explored the portrayals of Jews through film history in the United States. My curiosity led me to research Hollywood’s image of the Jew, providing me with a better understanding of the role Jews and Jewish family life have played in American Cinema from the very beginnings of film history. I was able to relate the facts about the representation of Jews in the media to what we have studied this semester about the representation of Latinos and Latinas. Although in class we focused on the portrayals of different Latin American cultures in American film, we must realize that other minorities, social classes, and ethnic groups were mistreated by cinema as well. As Keller states, "One of the side effects of American cinema was often crushingly brutal portrayals of other races and cultures, depictions that spread to larger audiences than ever before possible around the nation and even around the globe" (Keller, 5). Overall, the American film industry felt it necessary to depict all characters but the dominant Anglo in a negative light. "In short", Keller explains, "white Americans believed in the superiority of the white race and depicted this superiority on the silver screen. Every other race was evaluated in relationship to the attainments of the white race and with respect to its approximation to the white race whic... ...//www.grapevinevideo.com/fairbanks.htm The Mark of Zorro. Produced by United Artists and Douglas Fairbanks Productions; directed by Fred Niblo, 1920. Cortes, Carlos E. "Chicanas in Film: History of an Image". Rodriguez, Clara E. Latin Looks. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998. Pp.121-139 Flying Down to Rio. Directed by Herbert Brenon. Produced by Louis Zarecky, 1932. All Movie Guide, Dolores Del Rio. http://www.allmovie.com/cg/x.exe?p=avg&sql=bp18330 Mexican Spitfire. Directed by Leslie Goodwins. Produced by Cliff Reid, 1939. Erens, Patricia. The Jew in American Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984. Friedman, Lester D. Hollywood's Image of the Jew. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1982. Hangin' With the Homeboys. Directed by Joseph Vasquez, 1991. West Side Story. Directed by Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise, 1961.

Innovations in water conservation and treatment Essay

Water recycling and treatment is very essential today since fresh water scarcity can be felt in many parts of the globe; conservation of water is really needed. What is â€Å"grey water† and how could it be useful to us? Include comments about â€Å"purple pipes† in this discussion. Grey water is wash water or any water used at home such as from dish, shower, sink, and laundry. Grey water does not include water that comes from toilets wastes and garbage grinders which is called black water. Not any of the sources of grey water contains disease organisms found in waste water. Grey water has fifty to eighty percent of inhabited waste water, can be reused for other purposes, especially in land irrigation. (Ludwig 2007) First, we should know the distinctions between grey water and black water in order for us to understand fully how to manage them and why they should not be mixed together, for environmental security as well. In combined waste water, toilet wastes have ninety percent of Nitrogen, which is the most alarming and not-easily-removed pollutants affecting the prospective drinking water supply, while grey water holds about ten percent only, which is mostly organic so animals can still use it when filtered. Human pathogens can be found significantly in feces according to health professionals. Since black water has more pathogens contained, toilet wastes should be kept out of waste water stream to radically reduce the risk of spreading such organisms through water. Lastly, grey water pollutants decompose quicker than that of the black water which implies a more rapid stabilization and prevention of water pollution. (Lindstrom 2000) Plants doesn’t necessarily need to thrive on pure drinking water, it would be a waste to do so since they can actually be flourished with used water with small bits of compost. Grey water reuse is one of the essential solutions to many environmental threats and will basically remain in the up coming generation. How can grey water be useful to us? What are its benefits? First, fresh water can be conserved because grey water can replace it in many purposes, increasing effective water supply in irrigation sites and at the same time money is also saved. Secondly, reuse of grey water causes less strain on septic tank or treatment plant, extending its capacity and existence. For the local government, if wastewater flow decreases the effectiveness of the treatment becomes higher, while lowering its costs. Also, grey water protects the quality of natural surface and ground waters, given that it is purified to an enormously high level in the upper, most organically active region of the soil. Moreover, energy and chemical use will lessen because instead of undergoing a treatment and pumping, wastewaters are being used for some other purposes. The use of grey water for plants revives groundwater. Besides it also facilitates a landscape to boom even if there is no enough water to support a large amount of plant growth. Erosion can take place when there is loss of nutrients through wastewater disposal in bodies of water, however the cultivated nutrients in grey water helps maintain the fertility of the land. Lastly, it takes account in yielding the awareness of the sensible husbandry of a significant resource. (Ludwig 2007) Purple pipes in the ground are used for irrigating plants and many other purposes but not for drinking. Indirect recycling of wastewater is better than using alternative water supplies such as purple pipes because it requires less effort to install, maintain and employ. It is also less costly. Indirect water recycling would benefit everyone, not just those areas serviced by purple pipes. (Queensland Government 2006) What is â€Å"desalinisation†? In your answer, include discussions of â€Å"reverse osmosis† and one other method of desalinization. Be sure to include the pros and cons of the methods discussed. Today, approximately only one percent of the Earth’s water is fresh; the oceans are being utilized to supplement the supply of fresh water. Desalination (also called desalinization) is the process of purifying seawater or brackish water, removing dissolved solids from water, to obtain a safe and clean drinking water. Method of desalination fall under two major categories: the thermal (evaporative) methods and the membrane based methods. (Gold Coast 2004) The membrane methods involve the use of force against salts or water through a synthetic membrane. Some examples of processes include electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, and nano-filtration. Reverse osmosis (RO) forces water through a membrane under external pressure to reverse natural osmotic flow. Water flows from a more intense saline solution as pressure is applied through the semi-permeable membrane. The remaining feed water that hasn’t passed the membrane yet will increase its salt concentration. The pressure at the surface of the membrane is increased to eliminate some feed water to prevent precipitation of supersaturated salts. Pretreatment, includes fine filtration and accumulation of acid or other chemical substances to restrain precipitation, is vital to prevent precipitation of salt and formation of microorganisms on the membranes. RO is considered as the most proper and suitable technology for desalination of seawater for drinking because it can remove chloride salts, pathogens and other contaminants. (Advameg Inc) One advantage of using membrane method is that it requires less energy than using thermal method, which consumes a large amount of heat energy to be able to perform evaporation. Moreover it has a lower visual impact. Nevertheless, some disadvantages include membranes are sensitive to feed water which may cause scaling and fouling. These methods also require a high level of pre-treatment. The efficiency and costs of the procedure is reliant on the salinity of feed water. (Gold Coast 2004) In thermal methods, the water will be subjected to evaporation leaving salt behind in concentrated brine. Then, it will be condensed in order to provide roughly pure water. Common processes include heat distillation, multi-stage flash, multi-effect distillation, mechanical vapor compression, and thermo-compression distillation. For example, in heat distillation, large amount of heat is being used to refine fresh water from sea water. Derived from the natural hydrologic cycle, whereas seawater is heated, water vapors are produced, and then condensed to form fresh water. In desalination plants, seawater is being subjected to large amount of heat to meet its boiling point to tolerate maximum vaporization. To make this process possible, the atmospheric pressure is being decreased to lower the boiling point of the seawater. With a lower boiling point, multiple boiling can be done using lower energy requirement and the rate of carbonate and sulfate scale productions on the equipment is being controlled. (Advameg Inc) The advantages of using thermal methods are the following; the systems are tough and insensitive to feed water quality variations, the energy efficiency is not affected by salinity levels, and lastly it produces a high quality of water. Some disadvantages include intensive energy required and high visual impact. (Gold Coast 2004) There are still many other methods that are being developed by the different sectors, whether private or governmental, in order to conserve fresh water and recycle the wastewater to make every drop useful and productive. These innovations would play a very important part in the long run; it can solve the problems regarding water shortage and scarcity all over the world. Everyone will benefit. References: About, Inc 2007, What is Reverse Osmosis? Available from: [19 September 2007]. Advameg Inc 2007, Desalinization. Available from: < http://www. waterencyclopedia. com/Da-En/Desalinization. html> [19 September 2007]. Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation June 1993. , FactSheet: Wastewater Recycling Systems. Available from: [19 September 2007]. Bynum, J April 9, 2007, Purple Pipes: The New Government Bio-Terrorism Threat. Available from: [19 September 2007]. City of Roseville 2007, Recycled Water. Available from: [19 September 2007]. Ecological Internet 2007, World Running Out of Water. Available from: [19 September 2007]. EcoWorld Inc 2007, The Global Environmental Community. Available from: [19 September 2007]. General Electric Company 2007, Desalination. Available from: [19 September 2007]. Gold Coast November 2004, Desalination. Available from: [19 September 2007]. HighBeamâ„ ¢ Research, Inc. 2007, New Desalinization Processes Could Solve World’s Water Shortages. Available from: < http://www. highbeam. com/doc/1G1-56846829. html> [19 September 2007]. Ludwig, A 2007, Grey Water Central. Available from: [19 September 2007]. Lindstrom, C 2000, Grey Water. Available from: < http://www. greywater. com/> [19 September 2007]. Movable Type Enterprise n. d. , Insane in the Membrane. Available from: < http://blogs. princeton.edu/chm333/f2006/water/02_desalination/01_reverse_osmosis/> [19 September 2007]. Movable Type Enterprise n. d. , Global Clean Water Crisis. Available from: [19 September 2007]. Movable Type Enterprise n. d. , Making Every Sip Count. Available from: [19 September 2007]. Movable Type Enterprise n. d. , Sewage and Such. Available from: [19 September 2007]. Movable Type Enterprise n. d., The Global Water Crisis: Our Inevitable Fate? Available from: < http://blogs. princeton. edu/chm333/f2006/water/02_desalination/> [19 September 2007]. Movable Type Enterprise n. d. , Water Quality. Available from: [19 September 2007]. Movable Type Enterprise n. d. , Water Crisis in Developing Countries. Available from: < http://blogs. princeton. edu/chm333/f2006/water/05_international_issues/ >[19 September 2007]. Queensland Government May 2006, South East Queensland Regional Water Supply Strategy. Available from: [19 September 2007]. State of Victoria November 6 2006, Grey water – recycling water at home. Available from: [19 September 2007]. Water Innovations Inc. 2007, Water Innovations. Available from: [19 September 2007]. National Research Council, Review of the Desalination and Water Purification Roadmap.. Washington, D. C. : Nat’l Academies Press, 2004.